Vasculitis
Vasculitis is a group of diseases in which blood vessels become inflamed. They are classified by the size of the vessel affected, such as giant cell arteritis or ANCA-associated vasculitis. They can involve the skin, kidneys, lungs, nerves and eyes.
Common symptoms
- Fever, fatigue and weight loss
- Purple spots on the skin, especially on the legs
- Sinusitis that does not improve, nasal crusting or nosebleeds
- Coughing up blood or blood in the urine
- Numbness or weakness in the hands or feet
- A new headache after age 50, with changes in vision
How it is diagnosed
Blood tests (ANCA, kidney function, inflammatory markers), urinalysis, imaging and, often, a biopsy of the affected organ.
Treatment
Corticosteroids are used together with immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, rituximab, methotrexate or azathioprine, depending on the type of vasculitis. Tocilizumab is also used in giant cell arteritis.
What you can do
- Keep up with urine and kidney function checks
- Prevent infections and keep your vaccinations up to date
- Protect your bones if you take corticosteroids
Seek care immediately if you have
- Sudden loss of vision: go to the emergency department
- Coughing up blood or shortness of breath
- Reduced urine output or swelling
- Sudden weakness of an arm or a leg
Frequently asked questions
What is vasculitis?
Vasculitis is a group of diseases in which blood vessels become inflamed. They are classified by the size of the vessel affected, such as giant cell arteritis or ANCA-associated vasculitis. They can involve the skin, kidneys, lungs, nerves and eyes.
How is vasculitis diagnosed?
Blood tests (ANCA, kidney function, inflammatory markers), urinalysis, imaging and, often, a biopsy of the affected organ.
How is vasculitis treated?
Corticosteroids are used together with immunosuppressants such as cyclophosphamide, rituximab, methotrexate or azathioprine, depending on the type of vasculitis. Tocilizumab is also used in giant cell arteritis.
General information reviewed by Dr. Paul Alejandro Méndez Patarroyo, internist and rheumatologist, Colombian Medical Licence 79554568. It does not replace a medical consultation.