Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is the loss of bone quantity and quality, which makes bones fragile. It causes no symptoms until a fracture occurs. It is more common after menopause, in older people and in those who take corticosteroids or have diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Common symptoms
- No symptoms until a fracture
- Fractures after minor falls, especially of the hip, spine or wrist
- Loss of height or a stooped back
How it is diagnosed
It is diagnosed with bone densitometry and the calculation of fracture risk (FRAX). Blood tests look for treatable causes, such as vitamin D deficiency.
Treatment
Calcium and vitamin D at the prescribed dose, plus a medicine to strengthen bone: bisphosphonates, denosumab or, at very high risk, teriparatide or romosozumab. Denosumab must not be stopped without medical advice.
What you can do
- Do strength and balance exercises
- Eat enough protein and calcium
- Check your home to prevent falls: rugs, lighting, handrails
- Do not smoke and limit alcohol
Seek care immediately if you have
- Sudden, severe back pain after minimal effort
- A fall with hip pain or inability to bear weight
- Jaw pain or a gum wound that does not heal
Frequently asked questions
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is the loss of bone quantity and quality, which makes bones fragile. It causes no symptoms until a fracture occurs. It is more common after menopause, in older people and in those who take corticosteroids or have diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
It is diagnosed with bone densitometry and the calculation of fracture risk (FRAX). Blood tests look for treatable causes, such as vitamin D deficiency.
How is osteoporosis treated?
Calcium and vitamin D at the prescribed dose, plus a medicine to strengthen bone: bisphosphonates, denosumab or, at very high risk, teriparatide or romosozumab. Denosumab must not be stopped without medical advice.
General information reviewed by Dr. Paul Alejandro Méndez Patarroyo, internist and rheumatologist, Colombian Medical Licence 79554568. It does not replace a medical consultation.